Types of diabetes

 

Types of diabetes

Prediabetes is a condition in which blood glucose levels are too high to be categorized as diabetes but not too high to be considered normal. If a person's fasting blood glucose level is between 100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L) and 125 mg/dL (6.9 mmol/L) or if their blood glucose level is between 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L) and 199 mg/dL (11.0 mmol/L) two hours after a glucose tolerance test, they have prediabetes. A higher risk of heart disease and diabetes in the future is associated with prediabetes. Through diet and exercise, a person's risk of developing diabetes can be significantly reduced.

Type 1 diabetes is caused by the body's immune system attacking the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, resulting in the permanent destruction of more than 90% of those cells. Type 1 diabetes was previously known as insulin-dependent diabetes or juvenile-onset diabetes. As a result, the pancreas does not produce any insulin at all. Type 1 diabetes affects only 5 to 10% of diabetes patients. Although type 1 diabetes can occur later in life, most people develop the condition before the age of 30.

The immune system's destruction of the pancreatic insulin-producing cells is thought to be caused by an environmental factor—possibly a viral infection or a nutritional factor—in childhood or early adulthood, according to scientists. Some people are more susceptible to an environmental factor because of a genetic predisposition.

Type 2 diabetes: In type 2 diabetes, also known as adult-onset diabetes or non-insulin-dependent diabetes, the pancreas frequently continues to produce insulin, sometimes even at levels that are higher than normal, particularly in the early stages of the disease. However, insulin is insufficient to meet the body's requirements because the body develops resistance to its effects. The pancreas's capacity to produce insulin decreases as type 2 diabetes progresses.

Previously uncommon in children and adolescents, type 2 diabetes is now more common. However, it typically begins in people over the age of 30 and becomes increasingly common as one gets older. Type 2 diabetes affects about 26% of people over the age of 65. 80 to 90% of people with type 2 diabetes are overweight or obese, and obesity is the main risk factor for the condition. Obese people may require a significant amount of insulin to maintain normal blood glucose levels because obesity causes insulin resistance.

Type 2 diabetes is more common in people of African, Asian American, American Indian, Alaskan, Spanish, or Latin American ancestry. Diabetes type 2 typically runs in families.

Type 2 diabetes can be caused by certain diseases and medications that change how the body uses insulin.

High levels of corticosteroids (most commonly caused by the use of corticosteroid medications like prednisone or Cushing syndrome) and pregnancy (gestational diabetes) are two common states or conditions that can lead to impaired insulin use. Acromegaly and certain hormone-secreting tumors can also cause diabetes. Diabetes can result from severe or recurrent pancreatitis and other conditions that directly harm the pancreas.