Type 2 diabetes

 

Measuring the level of glucose in the blood to make a diagnosis of diabetes is diagnosed when a person has abnormally high levels of glucose in their blood. People who are at risk for developing diabetes but do not exhibit any symptoms undergo screening tests.

Did You Know? Type 2 diabetes affects many people but they are unaware of it.



Measurement of blood glucose Symptoms of diabetes, such as increased thirst, urination, or hunger, are monitored by physicians. In addition, patients with conditions that may be diabetes complications, such as frequent infections, foot ulcers, and yeast infections, may have their blood glucose levels measured.

A blood sample taken after people have fasted for the night is typically used by doctors to accurately measure blood glucose levels. If fasting blood glucose levels are 126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L) or higher, diabetes can be diagnosed. However, blood samples taken after a person has eaten can be used. It is normal for blood glucose levels to rise after eating, but these levels shouldn't be too high even after a meal. Diabetes can be diagnosed if a blood glucose level of more than 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) is measured at random without fasting.

Hemoglobin A1C Doctors can also measure the protein hemoglobin A1C (also known as glycosylated or glycolate hemoglobin), which shows a person's long-term trends rather than sudden changes in blood glucose levels.

The oxygen-carrying red substance in red blood cells is called hemoglobin. Glycosylated hemoglobin is produced when blood is subjected to elevated glucose levels for an extended period of time. The percentage of hemoglobin that is A1C is reported in the blood test for hemoglobin A1C.

When testing is done by a certified laboratory rather than instruments used at home or in a doctor's office, measurements of hemoglobin A1C can be used to diagnose diabetes. Diabetics have a hemoglobin A1C level of 6.5% or higher. They have prediabetes and run the risk of developing diabetes if their level is between 5.7 and 6.4.



LAB TEST Icon of the Hemoglobin A1c HbA1c Test Oral glucose tolerance test An oral glucose tolerance test is another type of blood test that can be used in certain situations, such as screening pregnant women for gestational diabetes or testing older people who have diabetes symptoms but normal glucose levels when they fast. However, due to its potential to be extremely time-consuming, it is not typically utilized for diabetes testing.

In this test, people fast, have a blood sample taken to figure out how much glucose is in their blood while they are fasting, and then drink a special solution with a lot of standard glucose. Over the next two to three hours, additional blood samples are taken to check for an abnormal increase in blood glucose levels.

During a routine physical examination, blood glucose levels are frequently checked for diabetes. Because diabetes is so prevalent in later life, regular blood glucose checks are especially important for older people. It's possible for people to be unaware they have diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes.

Even in individuals who are at a high risk for developing type 1 diabetes (such as siblings or children of people who have type 1 diabetes), doctors do not perform routine tests to screen for the condition. However, it is essential to conduct screening tests on individuals who are at risk for type 2 diabetes.

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